This comparatively rare form of diabetes insipidus is caused by an inherited disorder that affects the tubules, the tiny structures inside the kidneys that absorb water. Men are more prone to this condition than women. In adults nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can be caused by treatment with lithium and by hypercalcemia. Possible complications Without medical treatment, the possible complications of diabetes insipidus include: Chronic dehydration Low body temperature Accelerated heart rate Weight loss Fatigue Frequent headaches Low blood pressure hypotension Kidney damage Brain damage.
Diagnosis methods Diabetes insipidus is diagnosed using a number of tests including: Medical history Physical examination Urine analysis Blood tests - to measure electrolyte levels Water deprivation test to see how much urine is passed Magnetic resonance imaging MRI scan of the brain Computed tomography CT scans. Treatment options Treatment for diabetes insipidus DI depends on the cause.
For DI that is associated with decreased vasopressin production, replacement of vasopressin is required. This is usually given by sniffing a small amount of vasopressin that can be absorbed through the lining of the nose.
For DI that is associated with reduced or absent response to vasopressin, adequate replacement of fluids is necessary.
Options include: Drink plenty of fluids. Switch to a low salt diet. Medications like hydrochlorothiazide and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may help. Some forms of DI, such as those that occur following head injury or neurosurgery or during pregnancy, resolve with time. It is caused by the lack of sufficient vasopressin, a hormone produced by the brain that instructs the kidneys to retain water.
Treatment options include vasopressin replacement. More information here. Robertson, G. Give feedback about this page. Was this page helpful? Yes No. View all diabetes. Related information. The NIDDK translates and disseminates research findings to increase knowledge and understanding about health and disease among patients, health professionals, and the public. How common is diabetes insipidus? Who is more likely to have diabetes insipidus?
What are the complications of diabetes insipidus? What are the symptoms of diabetes insipidus? What causes diabetes insipidus? How do health care professionals diagnose diabetes insipidus? How do health care professionals treat diabetes insipidus? How do eating, diet, and nutrition affect diabetes insipidus?
Clinical Trials for Diabetes Insipidus What is diabetes insipidus? Are diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus the same? In diabetes mellitus, the level of glucose in your blood, also called blood sugar, is too high. Your kidneys try to remove the extra glucose by passing it in your urine. Diabetes insipidus is rare, affecting about 1 in 25, people worldwide. You are more likely to develop the condition if you 1,2 have a family history of diabetes insipidus had brain surgery or a major head injury take medicines that can cause kidney problems, including some bipolar disorder medicines and diuretics have metabolic disorders high blood calcium or low blood potassium levels What are the complications of diabetes insipidus?
Symptoms of dehydration may include thirst dry mouth feeling dizzy or light-headed when standing feeling tired difficulty performing simple mental tasks nausea fainting Seek care right away Severe dehydration can lead to seizures , permanent brain damage, and even death. Seek care right away if you feel confused dizzy sluggish What are the symptoms of diabetes insipidus? The main symptoms of diabetes insipidus are needing to urinate often, both day and night passing large amounts of light-colored urine each time you urinate feeling very thirsty and drinking liquids very often People with diabetes insipidus often feel thirsty all the time and drink lots of liquids.
Causes include some medicines, especially those used to treat bipolar disorder low levels of potassium in your blood high levels of calcium in your blood a blocked urinary tract an inherited gene mutation chronic kidney disease , though rarely Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus In this type of diabetes insipidus, a problem with your hypothalamus causes you to feel thirsty and drink more liquids.
Causes include damage to your hypothalamus from surgery, infection, inflammation, a tumor, or a head injury some medicines or mental health problems Gestational diabetes insipidus Gestational diabetes insipidus is a rare, temporary condition that can develop during pregnancy.
Other tests and procedures may include Urinalysis. A urinalysis can show if your urine is too diluted, or watery. It can also show if the level of glucose in your blood is too high, which is caused by diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus. Blood tests. A blood test can measure sodium levels and the amount of certain substances in your blood, which can help diagnose diabetes insipidus and, in some cases, determine the type. Water deprivation test. This test can help health care professionals diagnose diabetes insipidus and identify its cause.
The test involves not drinking any liquids for several hours. A health care professional will measure how much urine you pass, check your weight, and monitor changes in your blood and urine. In some cases, the health care professional may give you a man-made version of vasopressin or other medicines during the test.
If the kidneys do not respond to the synthetic vasopressin, the cause is likely to be nephrogenic. Before the water deprivation test is carried out by specialists, investigations are done to rule out other explanations for the high volumes of diluted urine, including:. Diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus are not related to one another. Their symptoms, however, can be similar. Doctors would taste the urine to gauge sugar content. If the urine tasted sweet, it meant that too much sugar was leaving the body in the urine, and the doctor would reach a diabetes mellitus diagnosis.
However, if the urine tasted bland or neutral, it meant that water concentration was too high, and diabetes inspidus would be diagnosed. In diabetes mellitus, elevated blood sugar prompts the production of large volumes of urine to help remove the excess sugar from the body.
In diabetes insipidus, it is the water balance system that is not functioning correctly. Diabetes mellitus is far more common than diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus, however, progresses far more rapidly. Diabetes inspidus is often difficult or impossible to prevent, as it results either from genetic problems or other conditions.
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What's to know about diabetes insipidus? Written by Adam Felman on January 19, Symptoms Treatment Causes Diagnosis vs. Mellitus Prevention Diabetes insipidus is a condition where the body loses too much fluid through urination, causing a significant risk of dangerous dehydration as well as a range of other illnesses and conditions.
Share on Pinterest The need to urinate in large volumes can wake people with diabetes insipidus. Insipidus vs. Latest news Could 'cupping' technique boost vaccine delivery? Scientists identify new cause of vascular injury in type 2 diabetes.
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