Think of it from this perspective: Three people were spared death or injury by old war mines every day in compared to the year prior. One of the biggest hurdles is identifying where they are hidden. No one knows how many active land mines remain underground, a figure Abramson said the LCMM has long given up on tracking. It is dangerous work; more than 1, de-miners have been killed or injured during clearance operations since De-mining operators are also at risk of attacks and abductions in places like Afghanistan, Mozambique, Senegal and Somalia where non-state armed groups operate.
The rest were not recorded specifically as to the mine type as the exact nature of the trigger mechanisms of improvised mines is often not reported in many countries; however, available information indicates that the fusing of most improvised mines causing casualties worldwide allows them to be activated by a person, thus effectively making them prohibited under the Mine Ban Treaty.
For example, in Colombia antipersonnel mines are all of an improvised nature and in Ukraine most improvised antipersonnel mines recorded were tripwire-fitted hand grenades. Casualties from improvised mines were identified in 18 states in Casualties recorded as caused by factory-made antipersonnel mines thus, not including improvised mines were documented in 19 states and areas in , four less than in In , antivehicle mines were recorded as having caused at least casualties in 20 states and areas.
Often, such modifications may make the mine effectively an antipersonnel device, because it can be triggered by a person. For example, it was claimed that Houthi Ansar Allah forces refitted antivehicle mines that originally required kgs of pressure to trigger a detonation, so that they could explode with a force of just 10kgs. In Mali, only vehicles were involved in mine incidents recorded in and no casualties occurred while individuals were on foot, though 25 of the civilian casualties in Mali in occurred in 10 incidents where they were on an animal-drawn cart.
Another casualties were recorded under the category of other unspecified mine types in 18 states and areas. Unexploded submunitions caused 85 casualties. Casualties caused by ERW numbered 1, in 32 states and areas in Casualties occurring during a cluster munition attack are not included in this data; however, they are reported in the annual Cluster Munition Monitor report.
The casualty total for included datasets or reporting from the following types of sources: international organizations, conflict tracking databases, UN and national mine action centers, other UN agencies, humanitarian mine action operators, ICBL members, and other NGOs, as well as media scanning. These had previously been excluded due to the likelihood that the emplaced explosive item causing the accidental explosion was a command-denotated IED.
However, by , there was less distinction between incidents of NSAGs as casualties of their own minefields or laying the improvised mines, and more indications that accidents involved laying trigger-sensitive improvised mines. Cluster munition casualties are disaggregated and reported as distinct from ERW casualties. Not included in the totals are estimates of casualties where exact numbers were not given. Additionally, improvised mine casualties were known to have occurred in Myanmar, but these are undifferentiated from other mine casualties in data.
That project recorded casualties from both confirmed and suspected antivehicle mines in The research scope of the AVM project was broadened in , in order to better record incidents caused by antivehicle mines of an improvised nature.
However, in Monitor reporting when an incident was attributed to both antivehicle mines and improvised mines in different sources, the Monitor sometimes included those as improvised mine casualties. One additional casualty for Iraq was identified after Cluster Munition Monitor was published. For more information on casualties caused by unexploded submunitions and the annual increase in those casualties recorded for the year , see ICBL-CMC, Cluster Munition Monitor The global casualties total since increases every reporting year, due to new casualties recorded, but also with the updating of historical data with newly available statistics.
More than , casualties have been recorded by the Landmine Monitor just in the period since In some states and areas, numerous casualties go unrecorded; therefore, the true casualty figure is likely significantly higher in those countries.
It is certain that the actual number of casualties occurring in Syria in , as in past years, was significantly higher than the annual total recorded. It is particularly apparent that improvised landmine casualties that occurred in Mosul in are so far vastly underreported.
The ongoing conflict in Yemen prevented the operation of a national casualty surveillance mechanism. The casualties identified by the Monitor for is certainly an underreporting of the annual total and is much less than the total of 2, In and , various Yemeni authorities and human rights organizations reported annual totals and cumulative totals for all time.
However, their reports rarely describe the source or methodology used to compile these figures, and in some cases, do not specify the time period. The figures provided differ widely, indicating the challenge of collecting reliable data in a context of ongoing conflict.
Thus, no significant quantity of disaggregated annual data was available for Yemen for Due to the continuing conflict, the national casualty surveillance system in Libya was not truly functional. Furthermore, two key sources for Monitor data in previous years were no longer available. Therefore, the significant decrease to casualties identified in from the 1, casualties reported for may not be indicative of the nature of a trend or scale.
New information on casualties in Nigeria in was recorded by Mines Advisory Group MAG , resulting in an improved understanding of the extent of the impact of improvised mines in that State Party.
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