Sentence case: Prof discovers ways to help heart failure patients. In headlines, capitalize principal words nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and the first and last words of the title.
Capitalize even small verbs and nouns: Is, Are, Be, It, etc. Also capitalize prepositions and conjunctions of four letters or more in headlines: With, Into, From. Body copy: The Food from Thought team has received new funding. Capitalize these short words for, to, at, in only when they appear as the first or last word in a title or when they appear immediately after a colon or semicolon.
Abbreviate and capitalize extension in front of a phone number, and include commas before and after the extension: Call , Ext. Capitalize street, road, etc.
For titles of books, plays, movies, songs, academic papers, journal articles, theses, lectures and book chapters, follow capitalization rules as above for headlines when writing principal words and prepositions and conjunctions.
Because the words plaintiff , respondent , applicant , etc. In contexts where a specific government body rather than the place is meant, words like "town," "city," and "province" are capitalized when part of the full name. Terms like "Ministry," "Department," and "Branch" should be capitalized when referring to a specific organization. They should be lowercase when used generally.
Skip to main content. General rule Capitalize common nouns when they represent the full version of a formal name and use lowercase when the partial or informal versions of a name appear. The dean expects results by ; Tom Harris was appointed vice-principal of advancement in Faculty of Arts and Science; Arts and Science; the faculty Cultural Studies Program; the program Bachelor of Fine Art Program; Fine Art; the fine art program; the program Department of Chemistry; Chemistry; the chemistry department; the department Groundwater Group; the group Do not capitalize faculties, schools, departments, or offices when referring to more than one.
When referring to an entity like a government body, should it be capitalized if referring to is by classification? However, if I'm communicating in a context where everyone should know what city I'm referring to the one we are in , when I write:. In your second example, "city" should not be capitalized. Words for governmental or administrative units are only capitalized when they are used as part of a proper noun, such as the formal name of a city.
Your first example is correct so long as you're referring to the City of New York , as the formal name for New York. However, if I were simply using the word "city" to disambiguate and not as part of a formal name, I wouldn't capitalize it:.
In other contexts, city should be spelled with a lowercase c. On their own they don't specify anything specific and therefore aren't proper nouns. New York City is a vague virtual identity, meaning what it needs to mean to a particular writer.
The "City" qualifier being a filler so it rolls off the tongue easier. Everyone knows New York is a city or else you can disambiguate in lowercase. It changes to uppercase when you have proper nouns like "New York City Council". Even in the case of the council only used when writing about THE New York City Council, as opposed to writing "New York city council and other city councils are considering the use of garbage cans.
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