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Advanced search. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Abstract It is often assumed 1—4 that the p H of natural rainwater is controlled by the dissociation of dissolved CO 2 , has a value of 5. Access through your institution. Buy or subscribe. Rent or Buy article Get time limited or full article access on ReadCube. References 1 Garrels, R. Google Scholar 2 Galloway, J. Google Scholar 5 Hallberg, R. Google Scholar 6 Granat, L. Google Scholar 7 Nguyen, B.
Book Google Scholar 11 Cullis, C. Google Scholar 16 Galloway, J. Google Scholar 18 Duce, R. Book Google Scholar 20 Junge, C.
Google Scholar 23 Slinn, W. Google Scholar 32 Granat, L. Article Google Scholar Download references. Author information Author notes R. How to Dissolve Silicate. Examples of Secondary Pollutants. The Advantages of Acid Rain. How Is Rain Formed? Where Does Acid Rain Occur? Negative Effects of Pollution. When you touch a strip of litmus paper to something, the paper changes color depending on whether the substance is acidic or basic. If the paper turns red, the substance is acidic, and if it turns blue, the substance is basic.
How pH is Measured There are many high-tech devices that are used to measure pH in laboratories. This results in blackening of the surfaces where gypsum accumulates. An even more serious situation arises when water containing calcium and sulfate ions penetrates the stone's pores.
When the water dries, the ions form salt crystals within the pore system. These crystals can disrupt the crystalline arrangement of the atoms in the stone, causing the fundamental structure of the stone to be disturbed.
If the crystalline structure is disrupted sufficiently, the stone may actually crack. Thus, porosity is an important factor in determining a stone's durability. Based on the information described above about the calcium ion, and the formula of calcium carbonate CaCO 3 , deduce the charge of the carbonate ion. Also, in the structure of the carbonate ion, are any of the oxygens bonded to one another, or all the oxygens bonded to the carbon atom?
Write the net ionic equation for the reaction of calcium carbonate and sulfuric acid. See the introduction to Experiment 2 in the lab manual for a discussion of net ionic equations. Which is a more durable building material, limestone or marble? Briefly, explain your reasoning. Brown, Lemay, and Buster. Chemistry: the Central Science , 7th ed. Charola, A.
Petrucci and Harwood. General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications, 7th ed. Walk, M. New England Water Works Assn. The authors thank Dewey Holten Washington University for many helpful suggestions in the writing of this tutorial.
Louis, MO
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